{ "currentVersion": 10.91, "id": 157, "name": "gtk_induced_polarization", "type": "Feature Layer", "description": "Indusoidun polarisaation (IP) menetelmä on ollut käytössä 1950-luvun puolivälistä lähtien. IP on galvaaninen menetelmä, jossa tutkitaan maaperän ominaisvastuksen taajuusriippuvuutta, varautuvuutta tai lähetetyn ja vastaanotetun signaalin vaihe-eroa. IP-efekti aiheutuu sähkökemiallisista ilmiöistä, jotka voidaan luokitella kahteen pääryhmään. Elektrodipolarisaation aiheuttavat elektroniset johteet, joita ovat metallit ja puolijohteet. Tausta- eli elektrolyyttipolarisaation aiheuttavat ioninvaihtokykyiset mineraalit, joita ovat mm. savimineraalit ja kloriitti.\nIP mittauksia voidaan tehdä joko ns. linjamittauksena käyttämällä yhtä vastaanotindipolia tai luotauksena käyttäen useampaa vastaanotindipolia. Luotauksissa informaatiota saadaan eri syvyyksiltä. IP mittauksia on tehty hajaprofiilimittauksina ja systemaattisina mittauksina. Hajaprofiilimittaukset ovat yksittäisiä lähinnä tunnusteluluontoisia mittauksia. Systemaattisissa mittauksissa on yleisesti käytetty 50-100 metrin linjaväliä ja 10-20 metrin pisteväliä ja mittauslinjojen suunta on valittu paikallisen geologian mukaan. Mittauksia on tehty eri puolilla Suomea lähinnä malminetsinnän tarpeisiin. Menetelmällä soveltuu erityisesti pirotetyyppisten sulfidimineralisaatioiden tutkimiseen, joiden sähkönjohtavuus on liian alhainen sähkömagneettisille menetelmille. Mittaustuloksista lasketaan myös maankamaran näennäinen ominaisvastus. Monielektrodimittauksista (luotaukset) voidaan tulkita maapeitteen paksuutta sekä maapeitteen ja kallion sähkönjohtavuutta.\n/\nThe induced polarization (IP) method has been used since the 1950s. The IP effect is caused by electrochemical phenomena that can be classified into two main groups. Electrode polarization is caused by electronic conductors, i.e. metals and semiconductors. Membrane polarization is caused by ion-exchanging minerals, such as clays and chlorite.\nIP measurements can be conducted by using one receiver dipole, so-called line measurement (profiling), or by using multi-receiver dipoles, so-called multi-electrode measurement (sounding). IP measurements have been conducted as individual profile measurements and systematic measurements. Individual profile measurements are mostly individual tentative measurements. Systematic measurements commonly used a line interval of 50-100 metres and a point interval of 10-20 metres. The direction of measurement lines was selected on the basis of local geology. The measurements have been conducted in various locations in Finland mostly for ore exploration purposes. \nIP is a galvanic method that investigates chargeability (or polarizability) in time domain, variation of characteristic resistivity by frequency (so called frequency effect), or the phase difference between the transmitted and received signal in frequency domain. The method is particularly suitable for studying disseminated sulfide minerals, since their conductivity is too low for electromagnetic methods. The measurement results serve as input for the calculation of the apparent resistivity of the ground also. 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